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Noms de lieux Noms de personnes

Cymru - Wales

Bro-Gembre

Mynwy - Monmouthshire

Kontelezh Menoe

Monmouth / Mynwy / Trefynwy

Blestium

page ouverte en 2003 forum de discussion

* forum du site Marikavel : Academia Celtica

 dernière mise à jour 05/12/2008 13:16:33

Définition : 

Superficie : 

Population : 5000 hab. en 1863; 5780 hab. vers 1960; 6680 hab. en 1976; 

Blason : "d'azur à 3 chevrons d'or, une fasce de gueules brochant le tout". 

Généralités :

 

 

Extrait de la carte Half Inch Map serie; Wye Valley; de chez Bartholomew 1973

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Gavin Gibbons: 

"Monmouth is in the extreme east of the county to which it gives its name and lies on the Wye, where it is joined by the Monnow, 11 miles south of Ross-on-Wye, 18 miles south of Hereford, 16 miles north of Chepstow, 15 miles west of Abergavenny and 25 miles west of Gloucester. It grew up because of its strategic position on the two rivers and was made a defence post against the Welsh by the Saxons. The castle was built by William Fitz Osborn, Earl of Hereford, soon after the coming of the Normans. Here the future Henry V was born on 9 August 1387. Monmouth became a borough in 1256 and its first mayor was appointed in 1461. It is the county town of Monmouthshire. Monmouth has been famous for centuries for the manufactue of a special type of woollen cap. 

The centre of the town is Agincourt Square, commemorating the greatest victory of Henry V, who was born in the Castle. Here are the Shire Hall, dating from 1724, where the assizes were held until 1939, the Nelson Museum, containing relics of the great man, as well as items of local historical interest, the ruins of the castle and, close by, Great Castel House, built in 1673 by the Duke of Beaufort and now occupied by the Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers. In the square stands a statue of Charles Rolls of Rolls-Royce, holding a model aeroplane. In Church Street, running off Agincourt Square, stands St. Mary's Church, dominated by the Norman tower and spire, the chief feature of the town. The Church was once the chancel of the church of the former Monmouth Priory, but was demolished except for the tower and spire in 1736. The present church was built on to the older tower and spire in 1882. Part of the suirviving buildings of the Priory is used as a school. The Roman Catholic Chapel, on St. Mary's Street, contains interesting relics. The Wye Bridge, fisrst built in 1617 and later widened, leads to Monmouth School, founded 1614. The present buildings date from 1865, with additions in 1890 and 1962. The well-known bridge over the River Monnow with its gate-house, much photographed, leads to Overmonnow, site of Thomas's Church, also a former possession of the Priory. It has a fine Norman arch at the chancel entrance. The two former railway stations at Monmouth, May Hill and Troy, are no longer used".

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Photographie extraite de Welsh Border, de Gavin Gibbons.

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Extrait de la plaquette South Wales, par W.T.B, 1976.

"Probably the site of Roman Blestium, and the 12th-century home of Geoffrey of Monmouth, this richly historic market town on the rivers Monnow and Wye, population 6680 has been old county capital since 1536, when the county was formed. In 1387, Henry V was born in the 11th-century castle - a 7ft. 2in. statue of him occupies a niche on the wall of the 18th-century Shire Hall in Agincourt Square. Also commemorated in the Square are Henry's Gwent archers - who, according to Shakespeare, wore leeks in their characteristic knitted caps - and, of a later era, Charles Rolls of Rolls-Royce fame who was born in nearby Hendre. The first lords of Monmouth were Bretons, the lordship passing in 1256, to the House of Lancaster, who built the wall, strengthened the castle, and erected Monnow Bridge, the only fortified bridge gateway in Britain, and one of the few remaining in Europe. Nelson visited the town in 1802, and the Naval Temple of the Kymin, which he admired, now belongs to the National Trust. Through the generosity of Lady Llangattock - Charles Rolls' mother - who collected many personal relics of Nelson, Monmouth possesses a fine Nelson Museum. This building also contains a very interesting Local History Centre where information can be obtained, and the leaflet 'A Walk around Monmouth', obtainable at the centre, provides a guide to the best buildings". 

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Histoire.

Le territoire dans lequel est situé le confluent de la Wye et de la Menoe était sous le contrôle de la tribu bretonne des Silures. Il a été intégré à la zone romaine dès la défaite des Silures, commandés par Caratacus / Karadeg après les années 50 après JC.

i

Extrait de la carte Ordnance Survey : Map of Roman Britain

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Monmouth est tombée sous contrôle normand, ***

 

Une discussion d'identification a existé à propos de BLESTIUM, comme l'indique la carte ci-dessous, établie par Robert Morden, (au XVIIè siècle ?), qui semble placer BLESTIUM au confluent de la rivière Munno et de la rivière Olcon, à 20 km environ en amont de celui de Monmouth.

Pour obtenir un agrandissement localisé de BLESTIUM, selon Robert Morden, veuillez cliquer au milieu de la carte ci-dessus. Pour revenir à la présente page, utilisez votre navigateur : page précédente.

Étymologie :

A. Blestium : 

* ALF Rivet & Colin Smith :

SOURCE : 

- Itinéraire d'Antonin (Iter XIII) : BLESTIO. Dérivé probable d'un nom de personne Blestus" (avec comparatifs épigraphiques en (G)Bretagne et en Léon espagnol).

DERIVATION : Jackson in Britannia, I (1970), 69, indicates a probable origin in the personal name Blestus, known in Gaulish, which with *-io- derivational suffix might indicate 'Blestus's place'; but he calls this 'highly speculative'. It may help to know that the personal name is recorded in Britain : RIB 1254 is the tomstone os Blescius Diovicus at Risingham. In CIL II.5087 there is mention of T. Blestus (ou Blestius) at Leon (Leon, Spain).

IDENTIFICATION : The Roman settlement or fort at Monmouth".

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Dérivé probable d'un nom de personne Blestus" (avec comparatifs épigraphiques en (G)Bretagne et en Léon espagnol).

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B. Trefynwy : du gallois *tref- = ville, village, et *Mynwy, nom de la rivière Monnow, avec mutation de l'initiale M > F (=V).

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C. Monmouth : (Eilert Ekwall) :

"Munuwi muda, 11 ERN; Monemude, DB; Munemuta, 1191, Gir. "The mouth of the river Monnow". Monmouth is at the confluence of the Monnow with the Wye. The place is called Aper Mynuy 'the mouth of the Monnow', Castell Mingui, Castellum de Mingui 'the castel on the Monnow' c. 1150 LL. Monmouth may be a translation of early Welsh Aper Mynuy".

Personnes connues Tud brudet
Geoffroy of Monmouth Jaffrez Menoe
William Fitz Osborn, comte d'Hereford Gwilh Mab Osborn, kont Hereford
Henry V, roi d'Angleterre Herri V, roue Bro-Saoz

Sources : 

* Robert MORDEN : (Map of) Herefordshire. XVIè siècle ?

* M.N BOUILLET : Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie. Hachette. Paris. 1863.

* Eilert EKWALL : The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names. Clarendon Press. Oxford. 1936 ... 1980.

* Gavin GIBBONS : The Welsh Border, from the Wirral to the Wye. Geographia Ltd. (vers 1960 ?).

* Henry LEWIS : Welsh Dictionary. Collins-Spurrell. London & Glasgow. 1960.

* John BARTHOLOMEW & Son Ltd : Half Inch Map series. N° 13 : Wye Valley. Edinburgh. 1973.

* Elwyn DAVIES : Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd / A gazetteer of Welsh Place-names. Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru / Univeristy of Wales Press. Caerdydd / Cardiff. 1975.

* Wales Tourist Board : South Wales.1976.

* A.L.F RIVET & C. SMITH : The Place-names of Roman Britain. Batsford Ltd. London. 1982.

- envois de : 

Liens électroniques des sites Internet traitant de Monmouth / Blestium : 

- Site municipal officiel : 

- Autres sites privés : 

forum de discussion

* forum du site Marikavel : Academia Celtica

* Blason de Monmouth : redessiné par JC Even sur logiciel Geneheral 5.

hast buan, ma mignonig vas vite, mon petit ami

go fast, my little friend

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