Extrait de la carte Ordnance Survey : Map of Roman Britain.

Histoire : 

Peut-être d'agit-il d'une unité originaire de Crispina, ville de Pannonie. 

Archéologie

Étymologie : 

Étude étymologique : 

A. DANUM, selon Rivet & Smith, p 329 : 

SOURCE

- Itinéraire d'Antonin,  475₅ (Iter V) : DANO

- Itinéraire d'Antonin, 478₈ (Iter VIII) : DANO; variante ANO.

- Notitia Dignitatum, XL₅ (pictura) : DANO

- Notitia Dignitatum, XL₂₀ (text) : Praefectus equirtum Crispianorum, DANO. 

DERIVATION

The group of names of which this is a part is much discussed. Jackson in Britannia, I (1970), 72, gives the British name as *Danu(n) ans bases this on *danu- 'bold'; the name was originally that of the river, in the sense 'rapidly flowing', and was transferred to the settlement. Among ancient river-names having the same base are Danuvius (Celtic *Danouios, *Danuuios) > Danube and Rodanus (Celtic *Rodanos, with *ro- intensive prefix) > Rhône; the Russian Don (anciently Tanais), the Dnieper, the second element in Condate, and in modem Britain the Don of Co. Durham; the Doon of Ayrshire and Donwy in Wales may also belong here. See W. Nicolaisen in BZN, VIII (1957), 245-46. Many Gaulish personal names such as Dannorix, *Segodannios show a similar form but are presumably from a different root (GPN 189-90). Pokorny 175 would derive some of the above names from *danu- 'river' (base *da- 'flüssig, fliessen'), and in view of the very widespread set of similar names it may be safer to postulate such a base rather than the adjectival one postulated by Jackson, since the application of an adjective not necessarily related to water is harder to explain when repeated so often. Ekwall's linking of Celtic *danu- with Sanskrit danu 'rain, moisture' seems unwarranted.

IDENTIFICATION. The Roman fort at Doncaster, Yorkshire (SE 5703). This is certainly correct for the AI reference and may be so for ND, but the possibility remains that this may refer to an unlocated fort near Jarrow, Durham, which is also on a river Don.

Note. The British name survived as Cair Daun in Nennius, and via Anglo-Saxon as Doncaster; on its evolution, see EPNS, XXX, 29.

*****

B. DONCASTER

* Eilert Ekwall : 

Danum, 4 IA; Cair Daun, c 800 HB; (aet) Doneceastre 1002 Wills; Donecastre, DB; Dunecast', 1130 P. 

Signification : le nom est tiré de celui de la rivière Don, affluent de l'Ouse.

* A.D Mills : cf. E.Ekwall ci-dessus : " ... River Don. Celtic river-name (meaning simply 'water, river) + OE ceaster"

Sources : 

* Eilert EKWALL : Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names.

* ALF RIVET & Colin SMITH : Place-names of Roman Britain. Bastsford Ltd. London. 1979-1982.

* A.D MILLS : Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names. Oxford University Press. 1991-2003

- envoi de : 

Liens électroniques des sites Internet traitant de Doncaster / Cair Daun / Danum :   

* lien communal : 

* Autres liens et sites traitant de Danum / Doncaster : 

- http://www.roman-britain.org/places/danum.htm

* forum du site Marikavel : Academia Celtica

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