Étymologie : 

A. .Gariannum : 

* Rivet & Smith, p. 366 :

SOURCE
- ND XXVIII₇ (pictura) : GARRIANO
- ND XXVIII₁₇ : (text) : Praepositus equitum stablesianorum Gariannonensium (vars. Gariannonens, Garrianonensis), GARIANNONOR (vars. GARIANONOR, GARRIANONOR)

DERIVATION. The name of this fort is clearly in essence that of its river, the Gariennus (next entry). We have no means of knowing if these are both correct or whether both had the same suffix (either might be acceptable). Decisions about r/rr and n/nn are less important. The apparently established name for the fort, Gariannonum, has the extra syllable suggested by some of ND's forms, but has no clear linguistic basis; ND's extra syllable could have resulted from simple dittography. This may be proved by the listing at ND VII,99 of troops stationed at Blavia (Blaye) in Gaul as the Garronenses (var. : Garionenses), who took their name from the comparable river Garunna (see below).

Holder I. 1985 and Ekwall (EPN, s.v. Yare) identify a root *gar- or *ger- (now Pokorny 352) 'to shout, talk', Celtic *gario- (cognate with Latin garrio, garrulus), mentioning as derivatives Welsh gair and Breton ger 'word ', Middle Irish gairm 'shout', etc. Hence a meaning 'babbling river' might be appropriate, the fort taking its name from the river, as often. J. Lloyd-Jones supports this for the
Garunna river, comparing for sense the Welsh river Llafar (llafaraf 'I speak') ('The Compounds of *Gar-', Celtica, III (I956), 198 -210; at 209). However, since East Anglian rivers in flat country are silent, this etymology should be regarded with caution; there are relations to be considered with other names, such as ethnic Garunni, Gerunda > Gerona (Catalonia), etc.

An association with the great Garumna (as it is commonly spelled, > Garonne) seems likely. This name was probably originally Garunna (thus in the best MSS of Caesar, who first mentions it), Garumna being a regression. Dauzat TF 83 derives this from pre-Indo-European *car(r)- 'stone' plus onno- 'river', hence 'rivière caillouteuse'. Hubschmied, who proposes that the name means 'grue' ('crane', the bird) objects to this on various grounds, all good ones; the matter is argued between them anew in RIO, VII (1955), 282-84. Since the Garonne is not stony, and would be named first from its broad lower reaches in flât country rather than from *car(r)- ' pic rocheux' near its source (Dauzat's other version), the whole matter must be regarded as still unresolved; but the British name certainly cannot be considered in isolation from its continental cognates.

IDENTIFICATION. The Roman fort of Burgh Castle, Suffolk (TG 4704), on the river Yare.

Note. For the development to modem Yare, see Ekwall, s.v., and Jackson LHEB 434, 473.

>>>  Garriano ND; signification non résolue.

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- JCE : 

-- S'agissant d'un site en fond d'embouchure, il ne me paraîtrait pas impossible d'y voir un rapport avec une notion de terrain marécageux. ainsi, le radical *gar- me fait penser aux noms bretons Iero, Hiero, Yerou, etc, qui pourraient peut-être présenter une mutation par adoucissement du G initial en un I mouillé. Ceci étant dit à simple titre d'observation pour proposer une éventuelle voie de recherche.

-- je me permets aussi de rappeler les noms de Grannono / Cherbourg ? et Grannona / Aurigny ? (Loïc Langouët, Curiosolites, p 231-232)

*****

B. Burgh Castle : 

* Eilert Ekwall : Burch DB, Burc 1168 P, Borough-Castell 1281 Bodl.

En l'espèce, il s'agit d'un doublet germano-latin basé sur les racines : *burg = forteresse, et *castellum : château.

Blason : 

Sources : 

* Eilert Ekwall : The concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names. 4è édition. Clarendon Press. 1936-1980.

* A.L.F Rivet & Colin Smith : The Place-Names of Roman Britain. Batsford Ltd. 1979_1982 

Liens électroniques des sites Internet traitant de Burgh Castle / Gariannum :    

* lien communal officiel : 

* Autres liens : 

http://www.roman-britain.org/places/gariannum.htm

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_noms_latins_des_villes_des_%C3%AEles_Britanniques

http://au.encarta.msn.com/media_1461500656_761572205_-1_1/Roman_Names_of_English_and_Welsh_Places.html

http://www.vortigernstudies.org.uk/artsou/notitialist.htm

http://www.arbre-celtique.com/encyclopedie/encyclo_affiche.php?dicalf=21&dictra=HYP&dicdeb=99

* forum du site Marikavel : Academia Celtica

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