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Place names. Anoioù lec'hioù. Noms de lieux

Person names. Anoioù tud. Noms de personnes

Définition : Angleterre; comté de Westmoreland.

Ancien camp romain Galava, sur la rivière Brathay, selon Rivet & Smith, 

Celui-ci fait partie du système de défense du Mur d'Hadrien, en camp complémentaire du mur coté mer d'Irlande.

Extrait de la carte Ordnance Survey : Map of Roman Britain.

Histoire.

Étymologie :

A) Galava : 

* Rivet & Smith, p. 365 : 

- Itinéraire d'Antonin, 481₂ (Iter X) : GALAVA; 

- Ravenna 107₁ : CALUNIO; variantes CALUUIO, COLUNIO; 

- Ravenna 107₁ : GALLUNIO, variante GALLUUIO.

Ravenna's duplicated entry (probably a double attempt to spell the same name) is readily restored, since its errors are often found elsewhere (g for c, u for a, n for v or u). R&C thought that Ravenna was listing two distinct names, and referred the first to their *GALACUM (our *CALACUM), but this is surely to be rejected.

DERIVATION. Jackson in Britannia, I (1970), 74, suggests a root *gala with *-aua suffix (see ABALLAVA), giving a sense 'vigorous stream', this being transferred to the fort on its banks. Holder I. 1521 offers *gala 'Tapferkeit' (Irish gal, Old Breton gal 'force, puissance' ; perhaps as in Galatae 'viri pugnaces '). In RIO, xxvii (1975), 121-22, there is mention of a Galaise stream, a tributary of the Touillon (Doubs, France), and of a river Galaure, a tributary of thé Rhône at Saint-Vallier (France).

IDENTIFICATION. The Roman fort at Ambleside, Westmorland (NY 3703), on the river Brathay (a Norse name).

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Signification : le nom pourrait provenir des racines celtiques *gala = force, puissance, et *av-a = eau, pour désigner une rivière courante, vigoureuse, ou tumultueuse. 

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B) Ambleside  : 

* Eilert Ekwall : Amelsate, 1275 Ch, Cl; ' Shieling (ON saetr) on a sandbank by a river'. First el. ON amelr fron a 'river' and melr 'sandbank' .

= " établissement près d'un banc de sable à proximité d'une rivière". 

Sources : 

* Ordnance Survey : Map of Roman Britain. Third Edition.

* Eilert EKWALL : The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names. Fourth Edition. Clarendon Press. 1980.

* A.L.F RIVET & Colin SMITH : The Place-Names of Roman Britain. Batsford. 1979.

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